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Abstract
ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph) is the high-resolution spectrograph being developed for the ESO Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). Designed to exploit the unprecedented collecting power of the 39-m ELT, ANDES will provide high-resolution spectroscopy across a broad range of astrophysical applications, including exoplanet atmospheres, stellar astrophysics, Galactic archaeology, galaxy evolution, active galactic nuclei, and precision cosmology.
Since the publication of the previous SPIE overview paper, the project has undergone substantial design maturation through an extensive programme of subsystem reviews and design consolidation activities. The successful completion of these reviews has significantly increased the maturity of the instrument design and established the basis for the forthcoming System Preliminary Design Review (PDR).
Several important developments have further expanded the scientific capabilities of the instrument. The baseline wavelength coverage has been extended to provide continuous high-resolution spectroscopy from 0.35 to 2.45 μm. In addition, new capabilities have been developed, including high-dispersion coronagraphy for exoplanet characterization, a dedicated Faint Target Mode optimized for detector-noise-limited observations of extremely faint sources, and an iodine-cell system for precision spectroscopic applications.
This paper presents an updated overview of the ANDES science drivers, instrument architecture, observing modes, expected performance, and project status. We summarize the principal design evolutions introduced since SPIE 2024 and discuss the readiness of the project for the upcoming System PDR.
Keywords
High-resolution spectroscopy, ELT instrumentation, Optical–infrared spectrographs, High-resolution fiber-fed spectrograph, Diffraction-limited IFU spectroscopy, Adaptive optics spectroscopy, Exoplanets atmospheres, Fundamental physics tests
Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X
SPIE
Proceedings of SPIE
Volume 14149, Page 24
2026 September
