D. J. Turner, P. A. Giles, A. K. Romer, J. Pilling, T. K. Lingard, R. Wilkinson, M. Hilton, E. Upsdell, R. Al-Serkal, T. Cheng, R. Eappen, P. J. Rooney, S. Bhargava, C. A. Collins, J. A. Mayers, C. J. Miller, R. C. Nichol, M. Sahlén, P. T. P. Viana
Abstract
We describe features of the X-ray: Generate and Analyse (XGA) open-source software package that have been developed to facilitate automated hydrostatic mass ( Mhydro ) measurements from XMM X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies. This includes describing how XGAmeasures global, and radial, X-ray properties of galaxy clusters. We then demonstrate the reliability of XGAby comparing simple X-ray properties, namely the X-ray temperature and gas mass, with published values presented by the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS), the Ultimate XMM eXtragaLactic survey project (XXL), and the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS). XGA measured values for temperature are, on average, within 1 per cent of the values reported in the literature for each sample. XGAgas masses for XXL clusters are shown to be ∼ 10 per cent lower than previous measurements (though the difference is only significant at the ∼1.8σ level), LoCuSS R2500 and R500 gas mass re-measurements are 3 per cent and 7 per cent lower, respectively (representing 1.5 σ and 3.5 σ differences). Like-for-like comparisons of hydrostatic mass are made to LoCuSS results, which show that our measurements are 10±3 per cent ( 19±7 per cent ) higher for R2500 ( R500 ). The comparison between R500 masses shows significant scatter. Finally, we present new Mhydro measurements for 104 clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR8 redMaPPer XCS sample (SDSSRM-XCS). Our SDSSRM-XCS hydrostatic mass measurements are in good agreement with multiple literature estimates, and represent one of the largest samples of consistently measured hydrostatic masses. We have demonstrated that XGAis a powerful tool for X-ray analysis of clusters; it will render complex-to-measure X-ray properties accessible to non-specialists.
Keywords
methods: data analysis, methods: observational, software: data analysis, galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, X-rays: galaxies: clusters
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume 537, Issue 2, Page 1404
2025 February
