A. Branco, P. Machado, O. Demangeon, T. de Azevedo Silva, S. Jaeggli, T. Widemann, P. Tanga

Abstract
We present an analysis of high-resolution, near-infrared (NIR) spectra relative to the solar transit of Venus of 5–6 June 2012, as observed with the Facility Infrared Spectropolarimeter (FIRS) at the Dunn Solar Telescope in New Mexico. These observations offer the unique opportunity to probe the upper layers (above ∼84 km in altitude) of a thick, CO₂-dominated atmosphere with the transmission spectroscopy technique—a proxy for future studies of highly-irradiated atmospheres of Earth-sized exoplanets. We were able to directly observe absorption lines from the two most abundant CO₂ isotopologues, and from the main isotopologue of CO in the retrieved spectrum of Venus. Furthermore, we performed a cross-correlation analysis of the transmission spectrum using transmission templates generated with petitRADTRANS. With the cross-correlation technique, it was possible to confirm detections of both CO₂ isotopologues and CO. Additionally, we retrieved a tentative cross-correlation signal for O3 on Venus. We demonstrate the feasibility of high-resolution, ground-based observations to study the chemical inventory of planetary atmospheres, employing techniques commonly used in exoplanet characterization.

Keywords
Venus; solar transit; high-resolution transmission spectroscopy; radiative transfer; cross-correlation; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; ozone; Venus-like exoplanets

Atmosphere
Volume 15, Number 12
2024 December

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