Wapiti: A data-driven approach to correct for systematics in RV dataM. Ould-Elhkim, C. Moutou, J.-F. Donati, E. Artigau, P. Fouqué, N. J. Cook, A. Carmona, P. Cristofari, E. Martioli, F. Debras, X. Dumusque, J. H. C. Martins, G. Hébrard, C. Cadieux, X. Delfosse, R. Doyon, B. Klein, J. Gomes da Silva, T. Forveille, T. Hood, P. Charpentier
Abstract
Context. Recent advances in the development of precise radial velocity (RV) instruments in the near-infrared (near-IR) domain, such as SPIRou, have facilitated the study of M-type stars to more effectively characterize planetary systems. However, the near-IR presents unique challenges in exoplanet detection due to various sources of planet-independent signals which can result in systematic errors in the RV data.
Aims. In order to address the challenges posed by the detection of exoplanetary systems around M-type stars using near-IR observations, we introduced a new data-driven approach for correcting systematic errors in RV data. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through its application to the star GJ 251.
Methods. Our proposed method, Weighted principAl comPonent reconsTructIon (referred to as Wapiti), used a dataset of per-line RV time series generated by the line-by-line (LBL) algorithm and employed a weighted Principal Component Analysis (wPCA) to reconstruct the original RV time series. A multistep process was employed to determine the appropriate number of components, with the ultimate goal of subtracting the wPCA reconstruction of the per-line RV time series from the original data in order to correct systematic errors.
Results. The application of Wapiti to GJ 251 successfully eliminated spurious signals from the RV time series and enabled the first detection in the near-IR of GJ 251b, a known temperate super-Earth with an orbital period of 14.2 days. This demonstrates that, even when systematics in SPIRou data are unidentified, it is still possible to effectively address them and fully realize the instrument’s capability for exoplanet detection. Additionally, in contrast to the use of optical RVs, this detection did not require us to filter stellar activity, highlighting a key advantage of near-IR RV measurements.
Keywords
techniques: radial velocities / techniques: spectroscopic / methods: data analysis / stars: individual: GJ 251 / planetary systems / stars: low-mass
Notes
Based on observations obtained at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated from the summit of Maunakea by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. The observations at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope were performed with care and respect from the summit of Maunakea which is a significant cultural and historic site. Based on observations obtained with SPIRou, an international project led by Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. SPIRou is an acronym for SPectropolarimetre InfraROUge (infrared spectropolarimeter)
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume 675, Article Number A187, Number of pages 18
2023 July
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