D. Elia, M. Merello, S. Molinari, E. Schisano, A. Zavagno, D. Russeil, P. Mège, P. G. Martin, L. Olmi, M. Pestalozzi, R. Plume, S. E Ragan, M. Benedettini, D. J. Eden, T. J. T. Moore, A. Noriega-Crespo, R. Paladini, P. M. Palmeirim, S. Pezzuto, G. L. Pilbratt, K. L. J. Rygl, P. Schilke, F. Strafella, J. C. Tan, A. Traficante, A. Baldeschi, J. Bally, A. M. Di Giorgio, E. Fiorellino, S. J. Liu, L. Piazzo, D. Polychroni
Abstract
We present the 360° catalogue of physical properties of Hi-GAL compact sources, detected between 70 and 500 μm. This release not only completes the analogous catalogue previously produced by the Hi-GAL collaboration for −71° ≲ ℓ ≲ 67°, but also meaningfully improves it because of a new set of heliocentric distances, 120 808 in total. About a third of the 150 223 entries are located in the newly added portion of the Galactic plane. A first classification based on detection at 70 μm as a signature of ongoing star-forming activity distinguishes between protostellar sources (23 per cent of the total) and starless sources, with the latter further classified as gravitationally bound (pre-stellar) or unbound. The integral of the spectral energy distribution, including ancillary photometry from λ = 21 to 1100 μm, gives the source luminosity and other bolometric quantities, while a modified blackbody fitted to data for λ≥160 μm yields mass and temperature. All tabulated clump properties are then derived using photometry and heliocentric distance, where possible. Statistics of these quantities are discussed with respect to both source Galactic location and evolutionary stage. No strong differences in the distributions of evolutionary indicators are found between the inner and outer Galaxy. However, masses and densities in the inner Galaxy are on average significantly larger, resulting in a higher number of clumps that are candidates to host massive star formation. Median behaviour of distance-independent parameters tracing source evolutionary status is examined as a function of the Galactocentric radius, showing no clear evidence of correlation with spiral arm positions.
Keywords
Stars: formation; ISM: clouds; dust; extinction; local interstellar matter; infrared: ISM; submillimeter: ISM; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume 504, Issue 2, Page 2742
2021 June
